Human rights and opposition groups say Singapore needs to keep up with the times and abolish the Internal Security Act (ISA), which allows for detention without trial and is seen by critics as an instrument to stifle dissent.
In a surprise move, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said last week his government would scrap the ISA and ease other laws perceived as curbs on civil liberties, including protest rules and annual newspaper licensing.
But Singapore insists the ISA, which was used against leftists in the past and suspected Islamic extremists in recent years, remains relevant and maintains that media regulations are needed to preserve social cohesion.
The city-state's longest-held ISA detainee was Chia Thye Poh, a former Socialist Party MP who was held for 23 years from 1966 to 1989, followed by nine more years of effective house arrest.
Even now all protests outside a designated free-speech zone -- where speakers must register with authorities in advance -- still require a police permit in Singapore.
The ISA was originally designed to fight communist insurgents in the 1960s in British-ruled Malaya, which included modern-day Malaysia and Singapore.
Singapore became independent in 1965 after being ejected from the Malaysian federation, but both countries retained the ISA.
Najib said that after repealing the ISA, Malaysia will introduce new legislation retaining some preventive detention powers but for shorter periods and subject to more court oversight.
"In a way Najib is taking the cue from civil society groups in his country," said Sinapan Samydorai, director for Southeast Asian affairs at Think Centre, a Singapore-based political and civil rights campaign group.
"If Malaysia is opening up, then I think they are moving ahead. It's also time for Singapore to move ahead," he told AFP.
Singapore defends the ISA. Last week, authorities disclosed three suspected Islamist militants were being held under it after they were repatriated to the city-state.
Two belonged to the Southeast Asia-based Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) terror network and the third is a member of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), an armed group waging an insurgency in the southern Philippines.
In a statement on Friday, Singapore's Ministry of Home Affairs said the ISA had been used "sparingly" and was aimed at fighting "threats of subversion, racial and religious extremism... espionage and terrorism," not political dissent.
"No person has ever been detained only for their political beliefs," the ministry said, referring to criticism that the ISA was used in the past to detain government opponents and intimidate the population.
Samydorai said the results of parliamentary elections in May and the presidential poll in August, when the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) recorded its worst-ever showings, showed that Singaporeans, especially the young, want greater political freedom.
"Governments in Asia are realising that young people cannot tolerate non-democratic practices anymore," he said.
In May, the PAP lost an unprecedented six seats in the 87-member parliament and its share of the popular vote fell to 60 percent, its lowest in 52 years in power.
Three months later, the party's de-facto candidate in the four-man contest for the presidency -- the head of state -- won by a razor-thin margin after garnering just 35.2 percent of votes cast.
Government critics have been emboldened by the poll results and independent political websites are starting to buzz with calls for the ISA's abolition.
"Singapore will be making a quantum leap towards improving its human rights record if (the government) decides to imitate Malaysia in abolishing the ISA," wrote Ann Xavier in The Online Citizen.
"A first world country like Singapore should not be keeping third world laws to repress its political opponents."
According to critics, the ISA is not Singapore's only repressive legislation.
The mainstream media is tightly controlled, and opposition figures have on occasion been bankrupted in libel actions brought by senior government officials -- which bars them from being MPs or parliamentary candidates.
Chee Soon Juan, who is secretary general of the opposition Singapore Democratic Party and has been made insolvent for exactly that reason, said "times demand" that the ISA be abolished.
"Repressive laws that instil fear and stifle independent thinking have no place in the modern world," he told AFP.
Reform Party chief Kenneth Jeyaretnam -- whose father and predecessor J.B. Jeyaretnam was also bankrupted in a defamation suit -- said the ISA should be replaced with laws to fight terrorism while safeguarding basic human rights.
Abolishing the ISA and related legislation was "long overdue", he said, calling for "the restoration of our fundamental constitutional rights to freedom of association and expression".
